Die Fantastische Welt Von Oz Hörspiel
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had and then much going on behind the emerald mantle and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy globe.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek backside that curtain and learn more than almost the secrets and fun facts that brand the dear film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Picture
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of 50. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 movie accommodation. Hamilton chosen her agent to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on gear up for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being likewise scary for audiences.
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't demand prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the xvi-twelvemonth-old Garland had to wear a corset-like device then she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland article of clothing a blonde wig and loads of "babe-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent girl would…?). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Keen Pic Magic
The Sorcerer of Oz employs a lot of smashing motion picture tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread blackness ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from beneath. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — Westward W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Really Dangerous
I of the Wicked Witch'due south last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'southward quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical slumber-inducing snow. While many similar to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the effect of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? Information technology's really 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood'due south preferred option for faux snow. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't take hold of any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the finish, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to trade parts with him for more reasons than 1. The Tin can Homo's aluminum makeup acquired a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'southward makeup feel was better than Ebsen's, he withal had some issues. The Scarecrow'due south makeup consisted of a safe prosthetic, complete with a woven blueprint that mimicked the await of burlap. Subsequently the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face up that took more a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and scarlet smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the beginning accept, the smoke rose from a subconscious trapdoor besides early on.
For the second have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the burn down flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and tertiary-degree burns on her hands and confront. To brand matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'due south legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source fabric — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Most every bit scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of pianoforte wires.
Nevertheless, the aerial stunt went amiss when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage flooring. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut downwardly on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature prophylactic monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cut Room Floor
To no one'southward surprise, the American Film Plant ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Only what may surprise you lot? The (arguably) near iconic song of Judy Garland'due south career was nearly cut from the motion-picture show.
Studio execs at MGM idea the vocal made the Kansas scenes likewise long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathize the vocal's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted similar lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'due south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Human Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a ninety-pound king of beasts costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his confront and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "can" torso and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and then stiff that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years later, role player Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage every bit the Scarecrow, simply traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen's new character, the Tin can Man, caused him a slew of issues. Namely, the grapheme's silver makeup independent a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the function with Jack Haley (and changed upwards the makeup), but didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't announced in the concluding film, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects squad spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Confronting the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make information technology look similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an consequence in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney'south Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her operation, though the pic went on to make roughly $8 1000000.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti'due south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — simply information technology however didn't reverberate the picture'south success. Fifty-fifty more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the domestic dog earned $125 per calendar week as Toto. A existent yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Panthera leo Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM idea it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio'southward title carte du jour — equally the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast histrion Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic grapheme instead.
To make a disarming fauna, the costume department fashioned Lahr a ninety-pound outfit made from existent lion pare. Yet, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the side by side 24-hour interval.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwardly an unheard of $two,777,000 in costs. That'south nearly $50 million adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the motion picture only earned $three meg at the box part — about $51.8 million past today'due south standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and pic rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — simply success overseas fortunately bolstered the film'southward returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Likewise"
Judy Garland was only 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became fond to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oft given to young actors to help them sleep after studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested past older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'southward feature-length animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a blast-hitting. Non just did the moving-picture show revolutionize the animation industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful film of all fourth dimension — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, merely MGM owned the rights. Past happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited function in Oz. During the Tin Homo'south "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Cherry-red Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silvery, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in virtually two,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet in that location several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Only 1 Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another globe — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these breathtaking locations, nigh all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the virtually beloved dogs in moving picture history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can often exist seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for 2 weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to observe one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton likewise believed her grapheme was more than than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids information technology was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the grapheme.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-chosen Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a pitiful, lonely effigy. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch's grapheme.
The "Horse of a Different Colour" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Nutrient Product
In 1939, audiences were just equally amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Homo and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different colour" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to motility apace — the animals were eager to lick upward the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the simply interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-fatigued carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired Extra Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch'southward flight monkeys, and so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in lodge to requite life to this fantasy film. To keep upward with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Virtually actors had to get in before v:00 in the morning — six days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and information technology has the great fortune of beingness responsible for some of the almost quoted lines in pic history too. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the motion picture's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that homo behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "In that location's no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Similar the "horse of a different colour" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Before long later on Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl's feet. Withal, burn strikes the Witch's easily, repelling her. This "burn" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-upward clip to arrive look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In club to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the fix to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were fix, the experts experimented with what would wait all-time on picture, particularly in colorized form. For example, the white part of Dorothy's dress is actually pinkish — simply because it filmed meliorate. And the oil the Tin Human being is and so excited about? It's really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More than Than One Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the Due west's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a business firm on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the Eastward, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby-red slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she besides plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if just briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the red slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Flick'south Running Fourth dimension Was Cut Down Several Times
The offset cut of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems similar nothing by today'due south Marvel moving picture standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
After cut the famed "Jitterbug" number and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2nd preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Metropolis reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Human being becomes a man beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the W performance likewise frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not anybody thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'due south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the moving picture'due south starring foes were really friends. One story that emerged from the set up described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to vesture information technology for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press bout the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire picture show was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a modest syntactical faux pas?
It'south widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the pic turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved pop in theaters, another film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may have heard of that fiddling movie — it'due south chosen Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The moving picture was first broadcast on television on November three, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 one thousand thousand viewers. It'south believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the ten most-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual tv screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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